CHAPTER 10

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1. Gerontologists view retirement today from two points of view. These are

conflict theory and structural-functionalism.
the functional criteria and the formal criteria.
as a life-graded event and as a society-graded event.
as a social institution and as a process of personal adjustment.

2. The effect of the retirement principle and the retirement wage was

the creation of a mandatory retirement law in 1922.
to encourage retirement at 65 by offering older people an alternative pension system.
mass poverty among older people after World War II.
the creation of a population of older people fit for production, who do not work.

3. The fact that many women retire because their spouse has retired, and that women often marry older men, has led to

a large proportion of older women living below the poverty line.
women returning to work after widowhood.
an earlier average retirement age for women than men.
no normal (`institutionalised') retirement age for women.

4. Which of the following types of workers tend to take early retirement?

Workers who expect a good income in retirement and those in poor health.
Low income and high income workers.
Workers who perform physical labour and those who perform abstract tasks.
Workers who perform monotonous, repetitive physical or intellectual tasks.

5. Atchley's eight phases of the retirement process is modelled on

conflict theory.
structural-functionalist theory.
continuity theory.
disengagement theory.